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Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of Community vs Patient Factors on Access to Immediate Breast Reconstruction Following Mastectomy in Maryland
Gedge D. Rosson, MD;
Navin K. Singh, MD, MSc, MBA;
Nita Ahuja, MD;
Lisa K. Jacobs, MD;
David C. Chang, PhD, MPH, MBA
Arch Surg. 2008;143(11):1076-1081.
Objective To determine whether various individual factors such as patient demographics and various community factors such as characteristics of the neighborhood in which the patient lives would influence access to immediate breast reconstruction.
Design Multilevel analysis of the Maryland Hospital Discharge Database, a prospectively collected observational database of inpatient care for all hospitals in Maryland.
Setting Database analysis.
Patients We queried for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision procedure codes for all patients undergoing mastectomy and reconstruction during the same hospitalization in Maryland from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2004.
Main Outcome Measures Disparities in immediate reconstruction rates via analysis of the impact of patient-level and community-level factors.
Results A total of 18 690 patients underwent mastectomy in Maryland during the study period, 27.9% of whom had immediate reconstruction. On multivariate analysis, patient factors such as African American race/ethnicity and older age had a negative association. Community factors such as increasing household income, increasing population density, and increasing proportion of the community with at least some college education had a positive association, while increasing home value and increasing African American composition of the patient's neighborhood had a negative association. The impacts of ethnic/racial mix and educational level of the patient's neighborhood were independent of the patient's race/ethnicity.
Conclusions Community factors beyond patient characteristics have a significant association with immediate reconstruction. Prospective community-level public health policy measures should be developed to address these inequalities (particularly racial/ethnic disparities based on neighborhood) and to increase the likelihood of obtaining immediate reconstruction.
Author Affiliations: Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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